Gene editing (also called Genome editing) is a group of technologies in which scientists have ability to change an organism's DNA. These technologies allow genetic material to be added, removed, or altered at particular locations in the gene.
It is a way of making specific changes to the DNA of a cell or organism. An enzyme cuts the DNA at a specific sequence, and when this is repaired by the cell a change or 'edit' is made to the sequence.
Researchers from the University of California, Berkeley and a separate team from Harvard and the Broad Institute independently discovered in 2012 that a bacterial immune system known as CRISPR (clustered regularly inter-spaced short palindromic repeats) could be used as a powerful gene-editing tool to make detailed changes to any organism's DNA.
The discovery has the ability to eradicate diseases by altering the genes in mice and mosquitoes to eradicate the spread of Lyme disease and malaria.
Applications:
- Gene therapy
- Targeted gene mutation
- Transgenic animals
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